2.
   2021
/  
 
: 2     :60
:    -    ,        
             
1.      ?      
2.     ,      
  
3.      ,       
   
4.       -  '      
 
5. -   ?        
6.              

7.   ?   -          
2.
8.    ,    :
(i) 
(ii) 
(iii) 
   2021
/  
 
: 2     :60
:    -    ,        
             
1.      ?      
: 
""   ,         , 
 ,      '          
             ,    
        ""    ""   , 
  ,       ,        
 ,              ,  
 
 
                
      
,    ,  
         ,   ,  
       
     ,  , 
,            
2.
 ,  
   , 
  :
         (),   
(), ,    -     
, ,         
,         -   
  
-   -        ,    
 ,    ,           
-              ,  
   -   
1.   -    
            ,   ,   
   
  , , ,       ,
 
     
    '  '  :
  ()
  
 


  ,            
 
 ,   
 ,      ,  
           
  
    
 
2.   -    
  "   "     
       
          " "      
   -     
 
2.
   '  ,      :
1.  ( )
2.  (-)
3.  ()
4.  ( ' )
5.  (  )
6.  ()
7.  ()
8.  ( )
   ,   ,       
      ,     
  
             
3.   -   
             
  
 , "    ,     "    
        
    :
 

 
 

    , ,     '  
  
               
 
 
4.   -   
  ,          
   ,   ,   ,     ,
           
      :
2.
,       
  
     
    
         
5.   -   
       ,          
 ,   - '   ,    ,  
        
         :


  ' 
  ' 
          
6.   -    
     '            
        , ,     
    -      
7.   -   
            '   
      '     ,   ,   
 
,             

2.
    
 -         , ,  
         , -,  
 
          ,     
,      ,     ,    
,    ,              

  ,   , ,     '   
                 
 ,         
2.     ,      
  
:󼗺󼗻󼗼󼗽󼗾󼗿󼘀󼘌󼘍󼘁󼘂󼘃󼘄󼘅󼘆󼘇󼘈󼘉󼘊󼘋  : ,   
   
            , 
     ,            
   -            
  
,        
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸    ?
               
,         
              
      ,         

        
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :         ,   
 
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
  
             ,  
  
    :
  
2.
   
   ()   
      
󼩺󼩻   
    ,    '    : , , 
        
1.  (  )
:,   ,           
    ()   , 
        
  
:
1.  '    
2.       ' 
3.       ' 
4.            
5.   '  ()  ,         
6.       '  
:
 :  ,   
 ,     
 
 
 :   ,  
 ,     

 :        , 
 
       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:         , 
 
      
2.  ( )
:,   ,           
,       
:
1.  '  
2.
2.      
    
3.     ,  '   
4.   ' ,     
5.         
6. -      
:
 :     ,    

 ,      
 :     ,       
 
 :        , 
 
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    ,        , 
 
          
3.  ( )
:,   ,   -        
    ,       
 
:
1.  '    
2.      ,       
3.         
4.   '    
5.     -  
:
 :      ,   
 
 :   ,  
 ,     
 
 :    , 
     
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            
 
     
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
2.
  ,              
      
,  ,         
   -   '     
 ,         ,    
         
 ,  ,  ,    ,      
           
   
    -    -    
,             
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   

 ()

   

  ,  
 ' 
 , 

 

  ,  ' 
, , 
  ,


 - 
, 

  ,

󷇮󷇭 
      
 -       
  
      
      
         
  ,  
        -  
    
            
2.
3.      ,       
   
: : ,     ,   
 
   ,      , ,  
              
 
    ,     ,    
                
    ,     "   "
 
         ,     
     - -  , , ,  
     ,   ,       
             ,
,               
     ,        
      
    ,     :
1. 
2. 
3. 
         
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌  ?

 , ,        ?     
,     ,  
           
  '              
  
1.  -    
2.  -          (    
 )
    ( )
               '  :
2.
   (      )       
         
        
   - 
        
  
  
    ,      -  
             
   
   '   :
     , ,    
 
 ,       
 
     ,        
 
             
   ,     
 
 ,        ,    ( )  
  
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌  ?
            '    , 
  '  ,             
,  ,  ,    ,       
    ,         
  
  -  ,    ':
  ( )-     
 -     
 -   
 -        (  )
 ,               
    ( )
2.
-,  , 5-6          
  ,     - 
    
          
 ,           
   
     :
       
, ,     
    
      
             
  ,     
             
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌  ?
""         ""        
             
  ,         
     ,        ' 
               
  
            
  
            
      
     20-50     
   
   ,  ,   ,        
       
 
   
   :
2.
       
 
       ,   

 
             
     ,       
,      ,        
,     
 
    "   "   
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌    
,               :
    - 
      
      
  ,       
 ,  ,      
             ,  
            

      
;    '  
   ,           
    
 ,       ,  
              
      ,     ,  ,
          
   , 
         

 
2.
4.       -  '      
 
:󼗺󼗻󼗼󼗽󼗾󼗿󼘀󼘌󼘍󼘁󼘂󼘃󼘄󼘅󼘆󼘇󼘈󼘉󼘊󼘋      -  ' 
   
   ,      ( )  
( )           
 
          ,     -    ,
     ,   ,         
    ,    '  
     '   
   
   ,      
    ,        
 , 
 ,             -
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼1.   ' 
  :      
 
 ,  ( )       , 
    
 
 :          
 ,     
 
:    
 ,     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :   '           
         
      
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼2.   ' 
  :           
         
  :     ,   
 
  : (  )      
 
      
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :           
    
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼3.   ' 
2.
   : (   )      
  
 
  :   
     
 
 :        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :       ( )   
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼4.   ' 
  :   ()    


:           
 
    :       
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :           
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼5.   ' 
   : (     )  
      ,        
  :        
 :          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :    ,       
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼6.   ' 
:      
 
  :      
 
 
:     
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :            
   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼7.   ' 
 :  ( 
)   ( 
)
    
  :  ,  
 
2.
 :        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :          
        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼8. -  ' 
:         
 
  :        
  :      
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :   '          
        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼9.   ' 
 :     
 
  :   ,   
 
 :   ,    ' 
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :    '   ,      
   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
35        ,       
   ',         :
           
         
     ,    

   
           ,   
   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 

  
 /
 
, , 
, 

,   ,   
, 

   ,   
, 
 
  ,  
,  
2.

   ,   

 
, ,  
, 

 ,  
, 
-
,   
 

 ,  
  
󷇮󷇭 
       
 -       
     
 
   ,      
 
          
       
 
5. -   ?        
:󽇐-   ?
 ,       -  ,  , , ,  
    ,  ,  , ,  ,  
   -      -  
              - 
   ,         -  
  
  -     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: -          - 
 
 ,        
󽇐-    
        ,     :
-       
-      
 -    '   
-      
- ,     
-   
2.
-     
  ,      ' , 
    - , 
,         
 
󽇐      
     ,            
 
    ,   ,          
 ,  ,    ,       -  
  
                
  
    , , , ,     

 
󽇐  
     ,  -       
    :
󷄧󷄫 
     ,  
          
 :
 '       ,         
  
    ,           
  ,      ,       
   
 
 -     ,       
  
 ,    '       
󷄧󷄬 
2.
    ,          
    , 

 :
 -   
 () -       
  -     
  -      
  -  , ,        
   ,    
 
󷄧󷄭 /       
     ,              
  :
   -         
     -     
 
     
 ,     ,      
󽇐  
  
   ,       
 
 -     
󽇐1.  's  
              
 :
  
 
  
      
      
  ,           
2.
󽇐2.     

       
  ?      
    
󽆤   ,            
,       
󽆤  ,             
     
 ,               
󽇐3.   -  
!    -  
   
,    :
 
   
    -          
          ,     
     
󽇐4. 's  
           - 
     

?   
           :



 (  )
2.
          -          

󽇐5.   
      '  ,          
,      :
   
   
  
         (       )
󽇐6.   
  :




       , 
     
󽇐   
 ?

       ,         
         :
       ' 
   
   
     
     
      
     
 
2.
󽇐
-  -         
    -  ,      
  -   
       
-       ,
   ,    ,     ,  
   
6.              

:󷉭󷉮󷉯󷉰 :   ,   
   
         ,   
         -     -  
           :     , 
              ,    
 ,     
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   
            
   
     ,        

     ,      
 ,    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :     "  " ,    
 
         
󷊆󷊇   
     -        
1.  
o     ,     
   
2.
o     
 
        
2. -
o     ,       
  
o  -         

3.   
o -   ' ,        
o            

4.    
o   ,       ,   , , ,
,      
o           
   
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 ,               
          
󼩺󼩻     
   ,    '    :
  :   ,       
  :  ;      
 (  ):     
  :      
:     -  
:           
        
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
           :   ( ) 
  ( )      
1.   ()
           
  ():
o        
o          
o       
 ,        
2.
o       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  
   ,       
  
    
 
  ( ):
o         
o      
o        ,   
o       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  
  ,  
     
2.   - ( )
      
 
           
     
       
 -          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:     -      , 
      
3.   
        :
           
 
       :   
 ,     ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:        ,   

      
 
4.   ( )
  ':
          
  ,          , 
  (ATP),       
         
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  
 ,          
  ,  
       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
      
    
  -    
      

           
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
       ,         
?
          ,   
             , 
         ,      ,  

           
󹵍󹵉󹵎󹵏󹵐 


  ,   
  
 
   ,   
  
 
  

  
  
 
,  
CO₂
 
ATP      
  
󷇮󷇭 
                  
   ,           
  -  ,  , ,    -   
   
          
2.
7.   ?   -          
: 
        ,     ,
  ,               
           -      
       ,  ,  , , , 
,           ,     
   -     

  ,               
             - 
 
  ,           
 
      
    ,  
 
     ,          
     ,            
 
       
   '       :
1.  
2. 
3. 
       ,       
    
1.   -    
                ,  
, ,  , ,       
() 
          
    ,   
  
 ,           :
  
2.
  
  
  
, ,     
        -   
    , ,      
  , , ,      
               ,   
      
       ,      :
 - ,   ,       
      
 -  , ,       
   
 - ,          
 - 
          
() 
  " "      , ,     
                ,
 
    ,          
   
() 
            
   :
   (  '     '     )
  

   
  
  
  
2.
  , 
, 
 ,    ,    '
  
2.  -  
,                -
                :
    
     
    
 ,        ,         -
         
3.  - - 
               
    
 -  ,        
() 
 " "              
:
    
  
     
 
 ,  ,  
 ,   ,      ,  
         
() 
                  
  :
    
  
2.
  
()  
        
     
 
  ,  :
 
  
 
, , 
     ,        
     
      
  

      ,       :
 ()     
 
       
      ,     
   
?
   
   
        :
, ,   
     
     
   
   ,          
 ,   
,         ,   '   
            

2.
                  ,
,             
   ,         ,    
             
                
  ,    
          
  
8.    ,    :
(i) 
(ii) 
(iii) 
:󼬳󼬴󼬵󼬶󼬸󼬷󼬹, ,  : , ,  
              -  

         ,          -
        ,        - 
      - ,    - ,     
         ,      
        
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸(i) 
  ?
  ( '       )       '  
             
  
       
     
  
    󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:      
     ,        
  
2.
       
      
     
      -   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:         
  
  
:  '    
:     
:        
:      
           󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: 
         ,   , 
           
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸(ii) 
  ?
                  
             
  
    (    )
  ,     
-     󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    
     
  
       
      
       
 '       󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   
          
  
  :  (    )   
 
:          
2.
  :        

   󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   
   , 
            
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸(iii) 
  ?
        ( )   (   ) 
         
  
   
 
  
     󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   
  '         
  
       
    
          '  
        
       󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  

             
  
:         '   
:  ,      
:       
:      
         󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  
        ,     
      
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
   :
       -         
      
2.
            - 
       ,       

             -    
      ,       
   
   ,         , 
      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 






  
, ,

-,  
, ,
, 

   
   
  
, ,


 ,

 ,
,


 
, ,
 
 ,
, 

, ,
, 
󷇮󷇭 
,      ,       :
      ,        
  ,      
   ,        
       ,  , 
,      
      ,   
     
 
"              
 
       ,       
 "